Basics of GIS

Raster: Rasters are regularly gridded datasets like GeoTIFFs, JPGs, and PNGs.

In the GIS world, rasters are used for representing continuous phenomena (e.g. elevation, rainfall, distance), either directly as numerical values, or as RGB images created for humans to view. Rasters typically have two spatial dimensions, but may have any number of other dimensions (time, type of measurement, etc.)

Projections:  https://foote.geography.uconn.edu/gcraft/notes/mapproj/mapproj_f.html http://www.flexprojector.com/